{"id":107917,"date":"2025-05-22T12:14:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T10:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/?page_id=107917"},"modified":"2025-06-19T15:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T13:05:06","slug":"realities-of-autonomous-weapons","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/","title":{"rendered":"The Realities of Autonomous Weapons"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/plugins\/bb-plugin\/img\/pixel.png\" alt=\"\" itemprop=\"image\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\" loading='lazy' \/>\n<h1>\n\t\t\tar\t<\/h1>\n\t<p>The realities of autonomous weapons are a complex blend of both existing military technologies and visions of their future capabilities. The expected ramifications are profound and always point to the interplay between fact and fiction, actual developments and creative imagination.<\/p>\n<p>This book explores how these realities shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research. It examines phenomena ranging from film and artistic interpretations to warfare scenarios and weaponized artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>This website features all the book&#8217;s contributions. You can access the individual chapters by clicking on one of the three sections. Each section is introduced by an artistic take on the realities of autonomous weapons. At the bottom you can access details on all contributors and links to external resources.<\/p>\n<p>Intended for researchers (including the disciplines of political and social sciences, media, culture and technology), policy makers, educators and journalists, this is a key resource that uncovers how autonomous weapons are constructed as both a technological reality and a futuristic possibility.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\tINTRODUCTION\n\t<strong>The Realities of Autonomous Weapons: Hedging a Hybrid Space of Fact and Fiction<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Jascha Bareis &amp; Thomas Christian B\u00e4chle<\/em>\n<p>&#8220;Autonomous Weapon Systems&#8221; (AWS) are a controversial technology, particularly regarding scenarios in which lethal actions no longer necessitate human involvement. The introduction to the volume shows that current debates on AWS mediate between fact and fiction and create a constant and complex dynamic between current developments and their potential futures. This chapter presents six reflections on the practices and discourses that transform AWS into technological, military and political realities.<\/p>\n<p>&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch001.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Go to introduction<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\tNARRATIVES AND THEORIES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-819x579.png 819w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Bild-15-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1034\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-28-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-32-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-36-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-44-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-48-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-49-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-53-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-57-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-61-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-65-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-69-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73.png 1443w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-800x566.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-1200x849.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-60x42.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-180x127.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-818x579.png 818w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-50x35.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-509x360.png 509w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-73-1320x934.png 1320w\" width=\"1443\" height=\"1021\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- navigation arrows -->\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Previous slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Next slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t<strong>ARTWORK: The Unreachable Myth: Killing Unknown Victims with Insensible Means by Unidentified Perpetrators for Unapparent Reasons<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Jinyu Wang, 2023<\/em>\n<p>A future landscape, situated in 1970s sci-fi art: each illustration sets a story based on different psychological effects mediated through the predictable tech-future humans will face, playing with the borders between real-life situations and possible scenarios.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch002.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nThe AI-Lure of US Airpower: Imaginaries of Disruption in the Pursuit of Technological Superiority Since the Early 20th Century<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Jennifer Rooke<\/em>\n<p>This chapter analyzes the sociotechnical imaginaries influencing the US Air Force&#8217;s (USAF) use of automated pattern and target recognition technologies in intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance operations. Early airpower advocacy focused on a specific vision of aerial warfare &#8211; strategic paralysis &#8211; that has shaped enduring technical, political and legal means to achieve air superiority and that remain operative within the USAF&#8217;s contemporary visions of warfare.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch003.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nFrom Maschinenmensch to Robot Bubs: Female-Presenting Autonomous Weapons Systems in Live-Action Films from 1927-2022<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Rebecca L. Jones<\/em>\n<p>The representation of female-presenting autonomous weapon systems in live-action films warn how sentient creations are prone to rebellion when treated as controlled objects. These films present potentialities, acting as fables which reassure when the creations are under full control. They also explore the horror when this control is lost and demonstrate how the female presentation of these autonomous weapon systems speaks to SF film&#8217;s trends around femininity and female capability.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch004.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nAutonomous Weapons in Fiction and the Fiction of Autonomous Weapons<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Teresa Heffernan<\/em>\n<p>Language attributing traits such as thinking and autonomy to war machines often relies on literal interpretations of fiction, which fails to account for the global arms trade and the powerful networks driving this technology.This paper argues that literal readings of fiction similarly fail to address the complex topographies of the fiction invoked. From Karel \u010capek&#8217;s R.U.R. (1920) to James Cameron&#8217;s The Terminator (1984), fiction links the fetishisation of technology to profit-driven war science.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch005.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nFrom the Reel to the Real: Narratives of Weaponized Artificial Intelligence Technologies in India<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Ingvild Bode and Shimona Mohan<\/em>\n<p>Narratives of weaponized Artificial Intelligence featured in popular fiction shape how people make sense of the growing reality of military applications of AI. Analysing novel survey data, this chapter presents how respondents in India share many of the narratives of weaponized AI originating in the Anglophone West but also discusses narratives that are distinct for the Indian context.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch006.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\tTECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALITIES\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_07-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_06-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_05-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_04-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_03-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_02-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_E_01-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_04-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-180x101.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-1029x579.jpg 1029w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-550x309.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Tansformator_D_03-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5.png 1425w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-1200x677.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-60x34.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-180x102.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-200x112.png 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-1026x579.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-550x310.png 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---5-1320x745.png 1320w\" width=\"1425\" height=\"804\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6.png 1425w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-1200x677.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-60x34.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-180x102.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-200x112.png 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-1026x579.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-550x310.png 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---6-1320x745.png 1320w\" width=\"1425\" height=\"804\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7.png 1425w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-1200x677.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-60x34.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-180x102.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-200x112.png 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-1026x579.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-550x310.png 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Zeichenflaeche---7-1320x745.png 1320w\" width=\"1425\" height=\"804\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- navigation arrows -->\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Previous slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Next slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t<strong>ARTWORK: Transformator<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Peter Behrbohm, since 2013<\/em>\n<p>Disguised as an electric substation, Transformator is extensively tested in the streets of Berlin and Germany as a fully operational autonomous rocket launcher. Transformator is the first of its kind introducing an all-new executive strategy to the city. Its mission is to refrain from police violence in the near future.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch007.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nIl\/legal War: Expanding the Frame of Meaningful Human Control from Military Operations to Democratic Governance<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Lucy Suchman<\/em>\n<p>This chapter examines debates on the legality of autonomous weapon systems and the frames of war that support militarism, exploring how these can be challenged beyond arms control. It discusses the concept of &#8216;meaningful human control&#8217; as essential for the legality of weapon systems and proposes expanding this framework to include democratic governance over both the use of specific weapons and the initiation of wars.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch008.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nFrom Network-centric Warfare to Autonomous Warfighting Networks &#8211; Recontextualising AWS Imaginaries<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Christoph Ernst<\/em>\n<p>The text analyses the transformation of older ideas on network-centric warfare into what can be called autonomous fighting networks within current imaginaries surrounding autonomous weapons systems. It argues that an understanding of these ideas is crucial for a deeper understanding of visions of future warfare contained in these imaginaries. At the same time the historical significance of network-centricity as a focal point for techno-political agenda-setting in the military becomes apparent.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch009.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nGoverning autonomies &#8211; Imagining Responsible AI in the European Armament Project &#8220;Future Combat Air System&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Jens H\u00e4lterlein<br \/>\n<\/em>\n<p>The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) is Europe&#8217;s most ambitious armament project and is envisioned to become the core of the European air forces from around 2040. The chapter offers a critique of the project&#8217;s approach to ensure human control over the use of Artificial Intelligence. At the core of this approach is the individual responsibilisation of human operators and the indirect management of their behaviour through ethics by design.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch010.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nNew Media, New Enemies: The Emergence of Automated Weapons in Counterterrorism<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Jeremy Packer and Joshua Reeves<\/em>\n<p>This chapter analyses how the automation of enemy identification has unfolded toward current trends in automated enemy elimination. Automated weapons systems, from this perspective, extend beyond the sphere of international military engagement to include AI weapons systems aimed at eliminating domestic political enemies &#8211; that is, to waging war on the internal enemy whose constant presence is a necessary condition for the recognised existence of the external enemy.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch011.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\tPOLITICS AND ETHICS\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-344-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-335-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-321-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-331-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-323-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-327-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-322-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-340-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-324-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361.png 1462w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-800x572.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-1200x859.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-60x43.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-180x129.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-809x579.png 809w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-50x36.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-503x360.png 503w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Gruppe-361-1320x944.png 1320w\" width=\"1462\" height=\"1046\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- navigation arrows -->\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Previous slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<button aria-label=\"Next slide\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t<strong>ARTWORK: XCI|XCIX, (91 |99). <\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Johannes Weilandt, 2023<\/em>\n<p>This work illustrates the rise of precision and laser-guided weapons, heralding a new age of so-called &#8216;smart bombs&#8217;. The bird view of the war-torn landscapes of Second Gulf War and Yugoslav War of the 1990s are broadcast on home television &#8211; driving the imagination of technological warfare yet to come.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch012.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nEngineering Moral Failure? The Challenges of Algorithmic Ethics for Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Elke Schwarz <\/em>\n<p>Technological logics not only shape modes of warfighting but can also be identified in reasoning about violence in war. In current discourses on the ethics of AI-enabled weapon systems, both human agency and machine agency are read through a technological lens wherein functional equivalences are drawn between the two, to make one fit the other. This creates critical blind spots in the debate on moral responsibility for lethal autonomous weapons (LAWS).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch013.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nLegitimising and Contesting Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems in Japan: A Multi-Layered Analysis of Public Discourse<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Bernhard Seidl<\/em>\n<p>This paper analyses public discourse on lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) in Japan, examining texts from policy documents, NGOs and newspapers to understand how LAWS adoption is legitimised and contested. It situates findings within Japan&#8217;s evolving security identity, revealing the interplay of discourse layers influenced by facts and imaginaries. While the government views autonomous weapons and AI as vital for modernising defense, LAWS must align with Japan&#8217;s self-image as a &#8216;peace state&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch014.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nThe Reality of (past) Future Air Combat Systems. On Climate Wars, Carbon Costs and Rare Earth Elements<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Jutta Weber<br \/>\n<\/em>\n<p>European and other G20 countries are investing heavily in the arms race. Europe&#8217;s largest defense project &#8211; the &#8216;future combat air system&#8217; (FCAS) &#8211; will have huge carbon costs, greenhouse gas emissions in general, and drive the race for rare earths, metals and other resources that are urgently needed for the socioecological transition, while producing immense social costs that mainly the Global South has to bear.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch015.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<strong><br \/>\nShowcasing Power, Performing Responsibility? Introducing Military Artificial Intelligence Discourses in China<br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Thomas Christian B\u00e4chle and Xiran Liu<\/em>\n<p>China is a major player in a changing global power dynamic that is strongly connected to AI-based military technologies. The effects of these technologies are not limited to their functionality, but include the meanings that are attributed to this technology in policy making, regulation or political communication. This chapter focuses on military- and security-related applications of AI in the Chinese context and offers an analysis of state media representations of military AI.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypressdigital.com\/edcollchap-oa\/book\/9781529237191\/ch016.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt; Go to the article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\tCONTRIBUTORS\n\t<p><strong>Thomas Christian B\u00e4chle<\/strong> is Head of the Digital Society Research Programme at the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) in Berlin and researcher at the University of Bonn. His areas of research include human\/ machine interaction, technological materialities, interfaces and agency; mobile media, surveillance, robotics, affective computing and simulation technologies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jascha Bareis<\/strong> is a political scientist and researcher at the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and associate researcher at the Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) in Berlin. He investigates political communication and power at the crossroads of technology governance, hype and BigTech. His work has been published in journals and blogs like Science, Technology &amp; Human Values, Big Data &amp; Society and Verfassungsblog.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Peter Behrbohm<\/strong> is a Berlin-based artist and architect exploring future conflicts and utopian societies through collaborative, site-specific and context-based research. He designs operational obstacles and fictitious institutions. Many of his works are surgically intervening public spaces, routines and discourses, often aiming at revealing the constructedness of realities and demonstrating the possibilities of other forms of coexistence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ingvild Bode<\/strong> is Associate Professor at the Center for War Studies, University of Southern Denmark. Her research focuses on processes of normative and policy change, especially with regard to the use of force. Her work has been published in the European Journal of International Relations, Review of International Studies, International Studies Review and other journals. She is the Principal Investigator of the European Research Council (ERC)- funded project AutoNorms (2020- 2025), investigating how autonomous weapon systems change norms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Christoph Ernst<\/strong> is a research assistant (tenured) at the Department of Media Studies of the University of Bonn. His main research interests are diagrammatic thinking and interface studies (especially cognition and tacit knowledge), future media and theory of sociotechnical imagination, aesthetics and theory of visual media (especially film and television), and media and the military (especially autonomous weapon systems). Among his publications are Diagramme zwischen Metapher und Explikation &#8211; Studien zur Medien- und Film\u00e4sthetik der Diagrammatik (transcript, 2021); Media Futures: An Introduction (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021); Tech | Demo (edited with Julia Eckel and Jens Schr\u00f6ter, Universi, 2023). Further information can be found here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.christoph-ernst.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.christoph-ernst.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jens H\u00e4lterlein<\/strong> is a researcher at the Department of Media Studies at Paderborn University and scientific coordinator of the &#8216;Meaningful Human Control &#8211; Autonomous Weapon Systems between Regulation and Reflection&#8217; (MEHUCO) project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. He has been publishing on the social dimension of security technologies since 2011 &#8211; among others, within the framework of the EU project VideoSense. From 2020 to 2022, he was Principle Investigator of the &#8216;Artificial Intelligence and Civil Security&#8217; project funded by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation. He has many years of research experience in the fields of science and technology studies, surveillance studies, critical security studies and governmentality studies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Teresa Heffernan<\/strong> is Professor of English Language and Literature at Saint Mary&#8217;s University, Halifax, NS. Her current research is on the science and fiction of robotics and AI. Her books include the edited collection Cyborg Futures: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019); Veiled Figures: Women, Modernity, and the Spectres of Orientalism (University of Toronto Press, 2016); and Post-Apocalyptic Culture: Modernism, Postmodernism, and the Twentieth- Century Novel (University of Toronto Press, 2008). She runs the following website: <a href=\"https:\/\/socialrobotfutures.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/socialrobotfutures.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rebecca L. Jones<\/strong> has published on women&#8217;s representation in comics, video games and fantasy adaptations. She is interested in exploring the representation of minority characters within genre fiction, film, television, comics and games. For her master&#8217;s degree, she studied the adaptation of Shakespeare within comics, Marvel films and science- fantasy novels, and in her doctorate she examined the representational evolution of female-presenting artificial creations in American and British live-action films.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xiran Liu<\/strong> is a master&#8217;s student in Communication Science at the University of Zurich. She holds a bachelor&#8217;s degree in journalism from Northwestern University and a master&#8217;s degree in Social Policy from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Her current research interest is the public communication about emerging technologies such as generative AI on social media.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Shimona Mohan<\/strong> is Associate Researcher on Gender &amp; Disarmament and Security &amp; Technology at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) in Geneva, Switzerland. Her previous work includes stints at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF), the Think20 Secretariat under India&#8217;s G20 presidency in 2023, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the Ministry of External Affairs as well as NITI Aayog under the Government of India. Her areas of research include the multifarious intersections of security, technology (especially AI and cybersecurity), gender and disarmament.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jeremy Packer<\/strong> is Professor at the Institute for Communication, Culture, Information, and Technology at the University of Toronto. He is the author or co-author of The Prison House of the Circuit: Politics of Control from Analog to Digital (University of Minnesota Press, 2023); Killer Apps: War, Media, Machine (Duke University Press, 2020); and Mobility Without Mayhem: Cars, Safety, and Citizenship (Duke University Press, 2008). He is also the editor or co-editor of Foucault, Cultural Studies, and Governmentality (State University of New York Press, 2003); Thinking with James Carey: Essays on Communications, Transportation, History (Peter Lang Publishing, 2006); Secret Agents: Popular Icons Beyond James Bond (Peter Lang Publishing, 2009); and Communication Matters: Materialist Approaches to Media, Mobility, and Networks (Routledge, 2012).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Joshua Reeves<\/strong> is Associate Professor at the School of Communication at Oregon State University. He is the author or co- author of The Prison House of the Circuit: Politics of Control from Analog to Digital (University of Minnesota Press, 2023); Killer Apps: War, Media, Machine (Duke University Press, 2020); and Citizen Spies: The Long Rise of America&#8217;s Surveillance Society (New York University Press, 2017). He serves as an associate editor of Surveillance &amp; Society and is a director of the Surveillance Studies Network.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jennifer Rooke<\/strong> served 24 years as an intelligence officer in the US Air Force upon graduation from the Air Force Academy until her military retirement in 2013 at the rank of colonel. She worked across a breadth of organizational levels, in operational squadrons and headquarters staff. These included assignments as a director of operations and a commander of intelligence squadrons, as well as staff positions within Headquarters Air Force, the National Security Agency, US European Command in Germany and the Office of the Secretary of Defense. She also held senior intelligence officer positions at US Air Forces in Europe, headquartered in Germany, and at NATO Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum, headquartered in the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Elke Schwarz<\/strong> is Reader (Associate Professor) in Political Theory at Queen Mary University London. She works at the intersection of ethics of war and ethics of technology with an emphasis on unmanned and autonomous\/intelligent military technologies and their impact on warfare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bernhard Seidl<\/strong> is Senior Lecturer in Japanese Studies at the Department of East Asian Studies, University of Vienna. His research interest is focused on exploring metapragmatic discourse and current social discourses in Japan through the use of text corpora. An avid fan of rakugo, the Japanese art of humorous storytelling, he has also dabbled in research on modern performing arts in Japan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lucy Suchman<\/strong> is Professor Emerita of the Anthropology of Science and Technology at Lancaster University. Before taking up that post, she was a principal scientist at Xerox&#8217;s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), where she spent 20 years as a researcher. Her current research extends her longstanding critical engagement with the fields of artificial intelligence and human- computer interaction to the domain of contemporary militarism. She is concerned with the question of whose bodies are incorporated into military systems, how and with what consequences for social justice, and the possibility for a less violent world.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jinyu Wang<\/strong> studies Communication Design in Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany. Her work focuses on providing visual insights into the challenges of humanity in modern society, aiming to provoke greater attention and deeper thought on complex moral issues.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jutta Webe<\/strong>r is a Science and Technology Studies scholar and Professor for Media, Culture and Society at Paderborn University. Her research focuses on computational technoscience culture(s), asking how and for whom the (non)human actors work. She has been visiting professor at Uppsala (Sweden), Vienna (Austria) and Twente (the Netherlands). She is lead of the competence network &#8216;Meaningful Human Control: Autonomous Weapon systems between Regulation and Reflection&#8217;; you can find more information here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.juttaweber.eu\">www.juttaweber.eu<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mehuco.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.mehuco.de<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Johannes Weilandt<\/strong> works as a visual artist in Berlin. He studied fine art at the Wei\u00dfensee Kunsthochschule Berlin and graduated as a master&#8217;s student in 2022. His mostly serial drawings have been nominated for several awards and are represented in various exhibitions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\tFURTHER RESOURCES\n\t<p>If you are interested to learn more about the themes discussed in the book, you can access the following external resources:<\/p>\n&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/meaningfulhumancontrol.de\/en\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meaningful Human Control<\/a> (MeHuCo\u00a0research network)<br \/>\n&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autonorms.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Autonorms<\/a><br \/>\n&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/unidir.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\t\tEditors\t<\/h3>\n\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/thomas-christian-baechle\/\"><strong>Thomas Christian B\u00e4chle<\/strong><\/a> is Head of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/research\/evolving-digital-society\/\">Digital Society Research Programme<\/a> at the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) in Berlin. He is also senior researcher at the University of Bonn as part of the research network <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aws.uni-bonn.de\/en\/aws?set_language=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meaningful Human Control<\/a>, which studies autonomous weapon systems.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/jascha-bareis\/\"><strong>Jascha Bareis<\/strong><\/a> is a political scientist who works at the intersection of AI research, political communication and hype studies. He holds a Dr. phil from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kit.edu\/english\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology<\/a> and is a Senior Researcher at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unifr.ch\/home\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Fribourg<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\t\tOrder print edition\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>The book is available as an open-access publication and in paperback. You can purchase the print edition directly from the publisher, Bristol University Press, or from any other bookstore.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bristoluniversitypress.co.uk\/the-realities-of-autonomous-weapons\" target=\"_blank\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOrder paperback\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n<h3>\n\t\t\tResearch project\t<\/h3>\n        \t<meta itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/WebPage\" itemid=\"http:\/\/90658\" content=\"Autonomous Weapon Systems\" \/><meta itemprop=\"datePublished\" content=\"2023-01-29\" \/><meta itemprop=\"dateModified\" content=\"2023-05-08\" \/><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"HIIG\"\/><meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hiig.png\"\/><meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/author\/fefferenn\/\" \/><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"Frederik Efferenn\" \/><meta itemprop=\"url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1.png\" \/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"800\" \/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"450\" \/><meta itemprop=\"interactionType\" content=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CommentAction\" \/><meta itemprop=\"userInteractionCount\" content=\"0\" \/>\n\t<a href='https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/project\/autonomous-weapon-systems\/' title='Autonomous Weapon Systems'><img width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1.png\" alt=\"Man sieht mehrer Spiegel, die in unterschiedlichen Formen angeordnet sind und verschiedene Oberfl\u00e4chen, wie den Himmel, eine Hauswand und so weiter widerspiegeln. Das Bild steht sinnbildlich f\u00fcr die vielen verschiedenen Bedeutungen von autonomen Waffensystemen in unserer Gesellschaft. You see several mirrors arranged in different shapes reflecting different surfaces, such as the sky, a house wall and so on. The image is emblematic of the many different meanings of autonomous weapon systemsin our society.\" itemprop=\"image\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/placeholder_400.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1.png 800w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-60x34.png 60w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-180x101.png 180w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-200x112.png 200w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-550x309.png 550w, https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Autonome-Waffensysteme-autonomous-weapon-systems-1-600x338.png 600w\" \/><\/a>\n    <h2><a href='https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/project\/autonomous-weapon-systems\/' title='Autonomous Weapon Systems'>Autonomous Weapon Systems<\/a><\/h2>\n    \tThe project investigates how autonomous weapon systems (AWS) are discussed in different concepts of human-machine interaction.\n\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-flex-start shariff-widget-align-flex-start\"><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button linkedin shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#1488bf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiig.de%2Fen%2Frealities-of-autonomous-weapons%2F\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#0077b5; color:#fff\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 27 32\"><path fill=\"#0077b5\" d=\"M6.2 11.2v17.7h-5.9v-17.7h5.9zM6.6 5.7q0 1.3-0.9 2.2t-2.4 0.9h0q-1.5 0-2.4-0.9t-0.9-2.2 0.9-2.2 2.4-0.9 2.4 0.9 0.9 2.2zM27.4 18.7v10.1h-5.9v-9.5q0-1.9-0.7-2.9t-2.3-1.1q-1.1 0-1.9 0.6t-1.2 1.5q-0.2 0.5-0.2 1.4v9.9h-5.9q0-7.1 0-11.6t0-5.3l0-0.9h5.9v2.6h0q0.4-0.6 0.7-1t1-0.9 1.6-0.8 2-0.3q3 0 4.9 2t1.9 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button bluesky shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#84c4ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/intent\/compose?text=The%20Realities%20of%20Autonomous%20Weapons https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiig.de%2Fen%2Frealities-of-autonomous-weapons%2F  via @hiigberlin.bsky.social\" title=\"Share on Bluesky\" aria-label=\"Share on Bluesky\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#0085ff; color:#fff\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M4.89,3.12c2.07,1.55,4.3,4.71,5.11,6.4.82-1.69,3.04-4.84,5.11-6.4,1.49-1.12,3.91-1.99,3.91.77,0,.55-.32,4.63-.5,5.3-.64,2.3-2.99,2.89-5.08,2.54,3.65.62,4.58,2.68,2.57,4.74-3.81,3.91-5.48-.98-5.9-2.23-.08-.23-.11-.34-.12-.25,0-.09-.04.02-.12.25-.43,1.25-2.09,6.14-5.9,2.23-2.01-2.06-1.08-4.12,2.57-4.74-2.09.36-4.44-.23-5.08-2.54-.19-.66-.5-4.74-.5-5.3,0-2.76,2.42-1.89,3.91-.77h0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"shariff-button mailto shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#a8a8a8\"><a href=\"mailto:?body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hiig.de%2Fen%2Frealities-of-autonomous-weapons%2F&subject=The%20Realities%20of%20Autonomous%20Weapons\" title=\"Send by email\" aria-label=\"Send by email\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; background-color:#999; color:#fff\"><span class=\"shariff-icon\" style=\"\"><svg width=\"32px\" height=\"20px\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\"><path fill=\"#999\" d=\"M32 12.7v14.2q0 1.2-0.8 2t-2 0.9h-26.3q-1.2 0-2-0.9t-0.8-2v-14.2q0.8 0.9 1.8 1.6 6.5 4.4 8.9 6.1 1 0.8 1.6 1.2t1.7 0.9 2 0.4h0.1q0.9 0 2-0.4t1.7-0.9 1.6-1.2q3-2.2 8.9-6.1 1-0.7 1.8-1.6zM32 7.4q0 1.4-0.9 2.7t-2.2 2.2q-6.7 4.7-8.4 5.8-0.2 0.1-0.7 0.5t-1 0.7-0.9 0.6-1.1 0.5-0.9 0.2h-0.1q-0.4 0-0.9-0.2t-1.1-0.5-0.9-0.6-1-0.7-0.7-0.5q-1.6-1.1-4.7-3.2t-3.6-2.6q-1.1-0.7-2.1-2t-1-2.5q0-1.4 0.7-2.3t2.1-0.9h26.3q1.2 0 2 0.8t0.9 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ar The realities of autonomous weapons are a complex blend of both existing military technologies and visions of their future capabilities. The expected ramifications are profound and always point to the interplay between fact and fiction, actual developments and creative imagination. This book explores how these realities shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":347,"featured_media":108382,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-107917","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Book: The Realities of Autonomous Weapons<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How realities of autonomous weapons shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Book: The Realities of Autonomous Weapons\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How realities of autonomous weapons shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HIIG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-19T13:05:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Realities-of-autonomus-weapons-\u2013-1-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1441\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"795\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Book: The Realities of Autonomous Weapons","description":"How realities of autonomous weapons shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Book: The Realities of Autonomous Weapons","og_description":"How realities of autonomous weapons shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/","og_site_name":"HIIG","article_modified_time":"2025-06-19T13:05:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1441,"height":795,"url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Realities-of-autonomus-weapons-\u2013-1-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/","name":"Book: The Realities of Autonomous Weapons","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Realities-of-autonomus-weapons-\u2013-1-1.png","datePublished":"2025-05-22T10:14:04+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-19T13:05:06+00:00","description":"How realities of autonomous weapons shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Realities-of-autonomus-weapons-\u2013-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Realities-of-autonomus-weapons-\u2013-1-1.png","width":1441,"height":795},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/realities-of-autonomous-weapons\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Realities of Autonomous Weapons"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/","name":"HIIG","description":"Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#organization","name":"HIIG","url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hiig.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/hiig.png","width":320,"height":80,"caption":"HIIG"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/347"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107917"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":108714,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/107917\/revisions\/108714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/108382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hiig.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}